June 2026 News.

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US News.

International News.

Health and Technology News.

WTH??!! News.

TLO Commentary.

The idea of a "Universal Basic Income" is quite old. "UBI", one that is to be based solely upon the expected emergence of new AI and robotics in fields of work normally involving a human labor force was, in our own memory, first raised by US candidate for President Andrew Yang in the years just before the 2016 US national elections. But historically, universal basic income's ideas, philosophies, attempts and implementations in society have been circulating throughout human cultures since before recorded history! 

The idea of maintaining an economic floor protecting all people within a society from homelessness, starvation, absolute neglect and sickness and "poverty of the spirit" (destitution) was evident in the first tribal arrangements of indigenous humans in early evidences of human and pre-human cave paintings and later, Sumerian, and Mesopotamian through Egyptian cultures throughout time. Leaders of Babylonian, Persian, Greek, Roman, Byzantine, Mongolian and later monarch-based human civilizations throughout Earth sought various ways, including wars and conquests of lands, people and cultural wealth, to maintain and feed their own citizens. The wars of today are maybe similar in basic ideology, but the technologies of maintaining civilizational operations, an ideologically "national" presence and optimal health of society(ies) in the 21st century are largely multi-contributory internationally, and multi- participant, industrially highly mechanized, and with generally high expectations of accommodating large numbers of consumers, investors, supply and throughput numbers, and importantly, overall effectiveness of operations paradigms that are consistent in nature and dependably safe.....or at least, that's the hope of civilizations today. When even a small aspect of any such paradigm is affected by events such as war, or recent disastrous incidents such as the closure of the Straight of Hormuz for whatever reasons, the resulting chaos and costs of ALL interdependent civilizations rises accordingly. And if left to themselves, these incidents create the social environments for domino-like chain distribution disruptions all around the planet, affecting everyone, and most often, negatively. 

Events such as the current Iran crises aren't really "new", but the overall effects of the conflict are causing fuel prices to rise and natural gas and oil availabilities throughout much of Asia and Europe, the Caribbean and Africa to become excessively source-limited. If the situation does not heal, somehow, new paths and plans for shipping and oil harvesting must be arranged and constructed, and that takes inordinate amounts of time, "people power" (labor forces)  and ultimately.....monies. The existing oil reserves, fuel supplies and oil availability for non-Middle Eastern countries have alternatives that are hard to access because of previous and present -day wars and regional armed conflicts that have contributed to sanctions and blockades of oil transportation to needed destinations all around the globe. The need to simply "keep the lights on" in certain poorer and/or underdeveloped countries relies upon these shipments and cutoffs of supplies place the entire civilization at risk of lawlessness and social breakdowns, starvation, crimes and untimely deaths. 

Failed civilizations that are the results of incidental war(s) and cataclysmic land and property destructions at the national scale exist today. Cuba, Haiti, Libya, certain parts of Iraq, Gaza, possibly Lebanon, and other once-flourishing nations are at present economically positioned in such a way as to provide for their citizens only a sustainable poverty, and not prosperity in years to come. Despite humanity's best efforts at international charity and new, amazing technologies, places such as these still suffer from starvation, lawlessness, lack of urgently needed and available energy sources, food and clean water and medicines, sustainable farming and domestic livestock availability and transportation and health maintenance environments! The "world economy" might seem impractical and maybe even irrelevant to these citizens because it doesn't apply to what they are experiencing in daily reality! For example, what is a "smartphone" useful for in a country where even a household electrical outlet is nowhere to be found? The problems set before normal humankind in those areas aren't ones only involving lack of, or, available applications of new technology, but importantly, lack of a maintenance infrastructure for the use of those technologies. Education is needed also, but in a society that lives in tent cities and gathers water from local wells daily, (Syrian refugees, Gaza Palestinians, Sudanese war victims) what uses would a telephone involve for the everyday common citizens? And would using one make daily life tasks any easier? Only in select instances where distances make a real difference in terms of daily living! But what about the costs of implementation?

In the United States, any laws pertaining to a new system of wealth distribution based upon UBI needs would seem to normally connect with standard welfare-based general assistance program payments such as Tan-F and Medicaid. UBI could be considered an additional means of income benefit that would be paid for by new taxes and government investment strategies from and involving industries and businesses that replace human workers with robots exclusively. And pre-qualifications information for UBI payouts of new applicants would probably be required by any new State and/or Federal agency created for that purpose in order to benefit from a UBI decision. It is important to factor in the age of the applicant, possible job or career retraining options and also potential State sponsored coordinated efforts with Federal government to enact such legislation, and determine minimum and maximum payout amounts per individual, similar to Social Security and retirement benefits payouts except designed for any age of eligibility, and especially for workers who have been laid off and/or displaced by any employer actions pertaining to the introduction of robots and humanoids into their workplace. 

It should be interesting to observe a human-centric Earth society of the immediate future being affected globally by the implementation of both artificial intelligence and robot workers whether in automated factories, transportation or humanoids working alongside humans in human environments. Although science fiction portrayals of such societies are popular among their books and movie fans, the practical and realistic aspects and qualities of any such  "real" society are certain to also create the need for abrupt human lifestyle paradigm adaptations and of course, new human economic adaptations in cases of the replacement of humans by automation that approaches or exceeds human throughput in industrial terms. UBI can realistically be made a part of that whole civilization as well, until someone or other comes up with some alternative ways for humans to work for money and train for jobs that humans would be good at and would even enjoy doing that serves society and the public interests and provides humans with incentives to do something healthy and productive with their own personal talents and education and training for the benefit of society at large, for both human and artificially-constructed beings.

Anonymous TLO Op-ed.

The US stands at a developmental technological and scientific crossroads of "superscience", or rather, the sometimes fictional but seemingly technologically advanced "science" that emerges from large, modern, wealthy, superpower nations in the 21st century, and "pseudoscience", which is the impressive name given today (by proponents of superscience) to "folk remedies" and ancient techniques and methods used by pre-existing human societies to heal their bodies and minds from such ailments as stomachache, toothache, poisoning and wound care, among other illnesses. The main difference between the two terms- besides the spelling- seems to be the "survivability factors" involved. While it is true that the body naturally heals itself -or doesn't - over time, the proven, post-cure longevity of a human life, after a cure for any health problem, wound, illness, malady, sickness or a chronic (or genetic) disease is treated either way, is among the many measures of what defines the differences between "successful modern medicine" (superscience) and "witchcraft" (pseudoscience), it would seem! 

The US Health and Human Services Secretary Robert F. Kennedy Jr. is currently managing operations within that Department to the best of his abilities as he is conducting himself under an increasingly strained department budget and the social demands for updated healthcare news and nationally relevant advice for health insurance protections, provisions and information for people receiving Medicaid and Medicare benefits. The connective agencies involving the whole of the HHS Department include 10, and more sub-agencies, and they are all critical for addressing many of the US's national health objectives.

Next month, TLO will introduce HSA Secretary Robert F. Kennedy by way of his formal agency induction video, and delve into current information and processes involving medical insurance issues and topics affecting the high costs of medical insurance in today's US national environment.

Look here at TLO for the July 2026 News preview for more information!

A TLO social studies op-ed for the generations of US Americans currently being raised under Trump's educational policies.

"Make America Great Again". 

The various ideologies and concepts surrounding "MAGA", the acronym slogan that Donald Trump and Trump's followers made extensive use of during his campaign for US President for a second term starting in 2025, have created such widespread ideological and political divergences within the US that it's hard to disconnect any intrinsic meanings of that particular acronym from the man who created that slogan, namely Donald Trump himself. Trump consistently blamed US Democrats for "stealing" the 2020 US elections and used most of his executive powers in his first year accusing and arresting his political "rivals" among the Dems, who he blamed for "attacking him" throughout the Biden Presidency and also during his first term as President in 2016-2020. Despite all gathered evidences pointing to the simple fact that those people who he accused were in fact simply doing their jobs by checking US Presidential powers during the first Trump Presidency, Trump's actions were initially defended by party Republicans..That is until it became seriously evident that he had absolutely no government leadership experience when he was first elected, and proceeded to treat his first term as US President as if the US government was a corporation operated almost exclusively by the President's demands. That particular personal trait of his was not forgotten -or lost- on experienced US government workers who challenged him on several key points of US law when he demanded new US tariffs against China and Mexico and then proceeded to bully his way through Europe and Asia demanding "equal and fair" treatment economically for US to continue participating in international US policy agreements signed by his predecessors. Congress and SCOTUS during his first term had never experienced anything like Trump, and he was impeached twice during that Presidency. Apparently, evidently and according to Trump's own executive actions, America would be "greater" without all of those pesky, disagreeable US Democrats clogging up the swamp during any Trump-led "MAGA" operations! 

Retrospectively and by comparison, Trump's inexperienced, illegal and often callous and punitive management of the US Presidency during his second term is also causing great upheavals again in what many US Americans expect-or don't- from any functioning US President. The high levels of maturity, personal character and public expectations of idealistic statecraft that US Americans had believed were held sacrosanct under any US Republican leadership, have been, under Trump, not only impugned, destroyed, belittled, erased from public memory or otherwise casually abandoned, but also, thousands upon thousands of US government workers -including US military leaders- were fired, argued against and made fun of by Trump personally, over the course of the almost 1-1/2 years of his second term leadership. Suffice to say, after Trump was through with his first term, the US Republican Party was unrecognizable. Today, it can be said that they don't exist in their original form, but have become loyal to Trump, and have not been paying attention to the US Republican needs of their own US constituencies! And aside from people who Trump had endorsed for State legislator elected office positions, and GOP Congressional candidates, there were also those individuals whom his family organization had paid substantially before he appointed them to his Cabinet in 2024-5. Trump needed only a small majority in Congress to achieve a legal arrangement of followers loyal only to him resulting in a Congressional trifecta, where Republicans were the majority in both the House and Senate along with a Republican President, never mind the fact that he would later use those many of the same people he endorsed and appointed to achieve largely his own personal ends while describing his actions as being for the best for any or all Americans! Make America Great Again, but ..... using only Trump's definitions of exactly what that greatness consisted of. In 2026, it became slowly obvious to many of his supporters that they had no real say in that matter, and if you disagreed with Trump, you were punished by him and his followers in social media and excluded from participating in your own government, one which in Trump's personal political environment, centered mainly on Trump's own whims and desires and not on anything that could be collectively referred to as "American", or at least recognizably so, were the only definition of what makes America great, and never mind the US Constitution or Declaration of Independence!

What a turn of events that whole scene has become! When Congresspeople can actually forget why one is a US Democrat or a US Republican, as Trump's independently-minded executive orders pass through in public as "laws" that Congress knows are often illegal or illegitimate in the US legal context, but that they then.....out of loyalty or "love" for the President,  betray the legal basis existent against such orders that are written in the US Constitution and skip legal procedures for enacting any such orders, and carry them out as if they were laws, which they aren't, then something has got to end! Either Congress does the job required by the Constitution regardless of any personal feelings or not about Trump, or the whole system of US Federal government fails in efforts to maintain a Constitutional Republic and Democratic form of governance by knowing what the job of an elected Congressperson is, who they represent in Congress and the nation's laws which they are trying to protect, regardless of whoever is in the White House as US President! It's a question of US Constitutional laws, and their determination of legitimate actions taken to either defend those laws, or argue against them. Executive orders produce policy, but only Congress can create or end laws, and when necessary with the help of SCOTUS and the Presidential signature at the very end. Checks and balances designed and written into the laws of the US via the Constitution are now subject to scrutiny because of the ways such laws are being avoided, made subject to arbitrary or discretionary Congressional interpretations, and/or general public analyses, or made popular despite the legal blocks by SCOTUS and/or US Federal District courts as unconstitutional.

So do all of the above contribute to what makes America "great" traditionally? How does any of those above situations easily include the opinions votes and/or participation of common US Citizens or emigres to the US? The combined national political efforts of today to empower the autocratic decisions of any US President who is using executive orders almost daily and exclusively for his or her own personal defense, aggrandizement and personal political viewpoints to then force people -using threats of arrest and/or fiscal impoundment of already-approved taxpayer monies for any such approved common citizen uses- goes completely against US American values, and instead mimics the efforts of the pre-revolution English monarchy which drove the Original 13 American Colonies to rebel against English King George III for all of the reasons stated in the US Declaration of Independence! If you, the reader, wants or wishes to educate yourself about what truly makes America great, STUDY THE FOUNDING US DOCUMENTS! You might learn a thing or two about what the expectations were of the original United States' founding Fathers when they decided to forcefully separate from the English autocracy and why!

Climbing Vine Books! has many pro-America history and law books coming for sale at the bookstore. Look through the sample of books page here at the website for more details about TLO and the Editor's picks for great reading for studying -and defending- the traditional American values that we learned about as US American children and what US Americans who write about the home country felt, feel, thought about, and believe in, of what makes the US such a great country to participate, live, work and study in, as well as govern! And may the God of Divine Providence grant you good luck and safe and healthy reading and learning experiences along that way! 

Anonymous TLO Op-ed.

It's ironic these days, but both Iran and the US share a certain critical 21st century national energy goal; The advancement and peaceful development of nuclear energy. The war in Iran that is doomed to delay and offset current oil customer relationships involving both countries isn't actually or seriously affecting either nation's abilities at creating safe nuclear energy for national power grids in the long term. But the coalition attacks against Iran's enriched uranium supplies are presumably causing fear and havoc among Iran's leaders who need that type and quality of uranium to power their still-existing nuclear reactors, ones that were carefully and supposedly designed in such a way that it would actually not be possible to enrich uranium to weapons-grade using those reactor facilities. Reports from IAEA however could not confirm whether Iran had started using high speed centrifuges for enriching uranium in 2025 and isolated 2 areas in Iran where stockpiles of uranium were stored. The US bombed those same sites in 2025.

International nuclear scientists from IAEA have confirmed that Iran might today have such capabilities as to produce more than one nuclear weapon. Also, the US and Israel actively bombed certain Iranian nuclear sites where suspected Iranian research into atomic weapons were taking place underground in Iran. In addition to and conversely, Israel is suspected of possessing their own nuclear weapons and have never signed any international treaty barring their nation's development or use, which puzzles many international observers -even from inside Israel -who are more likely to criticize world support of Israelis' most recent national self-defense methods and to defend Palestinians' and Iran's sovereign rights to personal self-defense using similar methods. It's a familiar multi-religious situation that goes back to East vs. West dual military and scriptural anthologies and public leadership rhetoric of sorts that approach-and create public dread of- apocalyptic war scenarios that include most of what are today, populated lands including modern-day Israel.

Jewish and Christian apocalyptic writings are not new. They are thousands of years old, and consist of descriptions of the punishment by God of human societies that move against God's will. Muslim Quran writings have similar cataclysmic and destructive themes, but tend to be accepted within Islamic society as more of a public reckoning or public response to the combined aspects of Judeo-Christian, anti-Islamic bigotry and hegemony than involving any archetypical destruction that would be ultimately wrought directly and solely by believers of Islam. Despite what the Western religions perceive as the harsh aspects of Sharia law, not all Muslims follow it, and there are many different factional beliefs among Muslims that create questions about such finalities as the end of the world or the creation of a world subject to only Islamic precepts and beliefs. All are extreme views of the world of the 21st century, and despite the latest Western aggressions against Iran and their subsequent and consequential retaliations, it is hard to not see where the Western leaders have perhaps transposed their own Judeo Christian beliefs upon Muslims without quite knowing what they are doing, because of certain qualities of human empathy that do not take into account the actuality of human differences- and beliefs -originating from the Middle East. Simply put, one cannot always rely on empathy to discern what actions any Muslim will take in response to any given situation (that being up to the person himself or herself, and ultimately Allah) and that includes any actions taken during peace or wartime.

This has always been a unique future of Mohammedism and is written that way in the Quran. So when Iranian spiritual leaders promote the killing of anti-government protesters and execute their own citizens for engaging in anti-leadership behavior, that part of Iranian leadership mystifies Western leaders and theologists, but Western nations also execute convicted criminals for crimes such as murder, and life-taking crimes against public officials. I'm not saying their situations or actions involve the same types and kinds of circumstances, but it's important, I think, to consider the severity of laws in such Middle Eastern countries as Iran and previously, Iraq, in the light of what their own citizens believe in and practice, whether religiously, or geopolitically, or both, and then compare them to existing Israeli and Western European and US laws.

Getting back to energy, and the ever-growing need for more of that and also new alternatives for just coal and oil usage in future energy developments for human civilization, the question of newly designed portable, miniature nuclear reactors that have become a new staple for Western nations who have experienced fatal accidents at older-style nuclear reactors and have worked towards more manageable and safer methods of obtaining needed energy from nuclear energy for their power grids, comes to public attention. The smaller reactors are not as powerful overall as the larger ones from the late 1900's but employ safety protocols that make them less likely or even impossible to create enriched plutonium or uranium fuel, thereby limiting or preventing the severity of potentially lethal nuclear power accidents and also the development of atomic weapons. By linking such reactors in an array, much like solar and oceanic and wind farms, equalling or surpassing the current power grid output for any civilization that relies on oil and coal can theoretically be achieved if done in accordance with energy needs assessments and the overall availability of new practical technologies that make use of electricity and battery tech and not only the burning of fossil fuels. Humanity overall isn't really yet at that point in tech development, but any such turnover involving such technology is bound to make a difference in the near future, once the concepts of green ecology and abrupt climate change once again become part of humanities education and scientific endeavor.

Look here at Climbing Vine Stuff! for newly available reading materials about energy's current and ongoing developments and many other energy-related topics in coming days!

Op-ed by John E. Staff Editor.

The Gaza situation involving Hamas, the IDF and the tens of thousands of civilians killed there, was caused by the lethal Southern Israel invasion by Hamas which killed over 1000 Israelis in one day, and is never to be forgotten throughout modern history. The United Nations was even blamed for being part of the Hamas operations inadvertently by hiring Palestinians with Hamas ties as UN operatives in Gaza UN missions. But as the war drew to a close soon after the election of US President Trump and the recovery of all of the remaining Israeli hostages taken during the invasion of Israel in a prisoner-for-hostage exchange negotiated in Israel and Qatar, many people have become less interested in the fate of the people from Gaza, who lost 70-80% of their buildings and over 75,000 lives, and the Israelis, who lost around 2000 people in the war. 

The UN had previously designated a Gaza Peace plan which was to incorporate multiple nationalities in an effort to bring peace and reconstruction efforts to Gaza after the end of the war. But until Donald Trump was elected US President in 2024, they hadn't moved forward. President Trump had to take control of the UN plan and created a "Gaza Board of Peace" of which he was the Chairman. That plan cost the US, and every participating nation, 1 bil. USD, each, to be a part of the board.

To date, questions about the following issues to be managed and achieved in Gaza during the near-term remain:

Gaza Reconstruction plans. (Under edit).

Verifications for State of Palestine citizenship under Palestinian Authority, already-established Palestinian identity, identifying Palestinian-Gazans, Census counts, rebuilding homes and apartments, and Voting. (Under edit).

Post-Mortem Filing, Birth Filing, Marriage Filing, born citizenship filing, Employment, Citizenship, etc. 

Establishing foreign ambassadors for Palestine and Gaza.

Establishing Local Authorities in Gaza and Policing. (Self-rule). (Under edit).

Gaza acquisitions of Food, Water, Medicine, Utilities, Transportation, Domestic Animals, Farming, Fishing supplies, Cars, Trucks, Boats, Trains, Piers, Ports, Flying car developments. (Under edit).

Self-rule, International police force and Gaza policing. (Under edit).

Ending Hamas Operations. (Under edit).

Controlled and Regulated, State of Palestine Nationalized, (?) Private and/or Public and/or Corporate Investment Opportunities for new Construction and Business Rebuilding Circumstances in Gaza. 

Israeli national expansionism, Jewish religious beliefs and their subsequent ideologies of today involving annexing Palestinians' lands are still originating from inside of the Israeli Knesset. They have, in truth, existed ever since Israel first established their modern Statehood. They are historically preceded by Moses and his followers' escape from Egypt around 3500 years ago. Today, wars being fought by Israel against terrorism aimed at Israel from surrounding nations also have this curious border effect: Conformity to the lands designated by God to Moses, which defined actual boundaries of land that are to belong to the "Chosen people" (Jewish people) for all time. 

At the present time, modern-day Israel in fact occupies those same lands-and much more in the Negev Desert-that once belonged to the ancient Edomites and Ammonites-and with the exception of certain historical Moabite lands, involving modern-day Syria and Jordan. Coincidentally, the lands of Gaza (ancient Philistia) and certain presently existing national borders involving parts of modern-day Southern Lebanon, are also included within God's set boundaries for ancient Israel. These lands have been either destroyed by recent Israeli wars against terrorism or are being threatened by Israeli cross-border attacks against terrorist factions operating within the boundaries of existing nations that in the ancient past were established by God and not by men of the present time. But..... there is that commandment by God not to fight against or take control of Moabite, Edomite or Ammonite lands, or people and areas given by God to those peoples. Today, those lands are located in Southern Israel and Syria and Jordan, geo-politically. And God also commanded Moses' people, the Jewish tribes escaping previous Egyptian servitude and slavery, to treat their neighbors as they would themselves in the land God was giving to them. Does that commandment still have any effect today for Israeli government? Is that what is actually happening today in the Middle East of the 21st century? 

Today's generations of humankind have recently established a new official Palestinian State, recognized internationally, decades after the creation of the 20th century modern State of Israel, and subsequent to the allocation by the UN and Great Britain of lands for international Jewish emigres that for thousands of years previously had been owned and occupied by local Palestinians, local Jews, and local Arabs and Christians. And much, much later, diverse Muslim sects from within the Ottoman Empire, and still later, other European peoples, had already emigrated through time and circumstances, to until today, purchasing the lands and caring for them albeit still remembering the destructions and exodus of Jewish people historically from that region of the world. 

This 2000+ years long "in between time" period, involving the Birth, Death and Resurrection of Jesus Christ, The Messiah, the Common Era after the destruction of the Second Jewish Temple in Jerusalem by Romans in 70 AD, and the continuing human occupations and studies of that part of the world historically, factually exists in relation to real time, real history, real societal presence and also, conflicting religious beliefs. And they are sore points for Israeli government parties and leaderships in the 21st century! Those are the ones who mostly cannot believe or bring themselves to adopt anything other than "Zionism" as a working belief for running their country. The effects of this multi-hued belief, and their Israeli government's attitudes and actions towards modern Palestinians who live outside of Israel, has also incidentally caused international consternation and international actions surrounding violent Israeli treatments of modern civilian Palestinians and those living in surrounding Arab nations, who have already established peace and State recognitions of modern Israel through years and years of ongoing peace and boundary treaties and ceasefire negotiations. 

20th century Palestinian-led anti-Israel terrorist movements and violent actions against Israelis, which once emulated historically Jewish terrorism against that land's previous oversight government, the United Kingdom, are already well-documented. In the years proceeding from the Balfour Declaration, modern Israeli government leaders have given themselves permission to create a society where modern Palestinians have no real authority either in Israel or the Palestinian territories (a.k.a. "The OPT"-Occupied Palestinian Territories), or much applied say in what goes on in the West Bank and Gaza Palestinian territories in favor of Palestinians and Israeli citizens who own lands there. Armed Israeli settlers in the West Bank have a long history of attacking unarmed and landowning Palestinians for any reason, and occasionally Jewish citizens of Israel have also been killed in Palestinian lands under numerous and variable circumstances. Today, The Palestinian State is an existing national entity, recognized worldwide, and The State of Israel is also. Will there ever be a lasting and productive peace between their two people's? That question is important to ask and has been asked repeatedly for the last 75 years since the creation of Modern-day Israel. Will the Gaza Board of Peace, initiated by the UN and formed by US President Trump achieve some increased measures of understanding between Israeli leaderships and the plight of Palestinians and the Palestinian State? Can Israel ever recognize the Palestinian State as a participatory neighbor in Middle East and world affairs anytime in the near or immediate future? All we can do here is pray for peace, attend to news and witnesses to both peace, and war, over there and study and hope for a turnout that involves equality for all people in the regions affected, as was the original concept and design of Modern day Israel as conceived by their first leaders, and long before the practices of terrorism and violent strife and lawlessness began to manifest in both Jewish and Islamic fundamentalist extremist cultures, early during the formation of Israel from the previously British Mandate of Palestine. 

Look for historical books about Palestinians, Arab Christians, Jewish people, Israelis and The State of Israel and more recently, the evolution of the Palestinian State in the 21st century here at Climbing Vine Stuff! in the immediate future!

Important questions for CVSTLO readership: 

Ukraine-Russia: How will this end? (Currently under mutual ceasefire agreements). 

Lebanon-Hezbollah-Israel. Where is their ceasefire happening? Who is fighting in the conflict?

US-Iran: When does this "checkers and Lego game" start to become a casino-like game of backgammon - or - a neighborly game of Yahtzee? 

African Wars: What definitions do African nations use for interstate or religiously motivated terrorism? What religions are typically involved these days in violent actions against unarmed African citizens? What are some of the leading causes in 21st century African nations for national government military-style overthrows and local armed conflicts? 

THE IRAN WAR. FEBRUARY 2026 - PRESENT DAY.

Ever since US President Trump was elected for a second time in 2024, his critics have been constantly been confused about his plans for war and peace and subsequent national directions in that regard. Soon after Trump's second term started, Trump made threats against Iran and bombed an underground military installation there in a surprise attack involving Israeli coordination and various formats of intelligence gathering, it is believed, that led Trump to think that Iran was in violation of the previous Obama-Iran non-nuclear weapons treaty, otherwise known as "JCPOA".  

The JOINT COMPREHENSIVE PLAN OF ACTION a.k.a. the "Iran Nuclear Deal" agreement above took almost 2 full years to agree upon and implement under former US President Obama. Trump, after his 2024 US Presidential election, tore up the whole agreement and demanded Iran work with the US to create another deal more to his liking. And during peace negotiations in Switzerland between US Secretary of State Rubio and Iran over the matter, Israel and the US bombed military sites all across Iran in a surprise attack which led to retaliation missile strikes from Iran against various US military bases throughout the Middle East and Israel, and the de facto closure of the Straight of Hormuz to international shipping vessels. The US then began a blockade of Iranian vessels while setting a ceasefire in place, while Iran continued firing upon US blockade ships and the US fired back, resulting in temporary hostilities back and forth between Iran that involved attacks by both Iran and the US against each other's ships operating inside and outside of the Straight. Today, Iran collects tolls in various formats from passing ships and the US is blockading the Straight of Hormuz against Iranian vessels coming and going to and from within the Straight. A ceasefire still exists and more peace talks between the US and Iran are hoped for by the US and Iranian leadership.